Stone in kidney , also known as a renal calculus ,is a solid concretion or crystal aggregation formed in the kidneys from dietary minerals in the urine. Urinary stones are typically classified by their location in the kidney (nephrolithiasis), ureter (ureterolithiasis), or bladder (cystolithiasis), or by their chemical composition (calcium-containing, struvite, uric acid, or other compounds). Kidney stones are a significant source of morbidity. 80% of those with kidney stones are men. Men most commonly experience their first episode between age 30–40 years, while for women the age at first presentation is somewhat later.
The kidney acts as a filter for blood, removing waste products from the body and making urine. It also helps regulate electrolyte levels that are important for body function. Urine drains from the kidney through a narrow tube called the ureter into the bladder. When the bladder fills and there is an urge to urinate, the bladder empties to the outside through the urethra, a much wider tube than the ureter.
In some people, chemicals crystallize in the urine and form the beginning, of a kidney stone. These stones are very tiny when they form, smaller than a grain of sand, but gradually can grow over time to 3 to 15 mm. . The size of the stone doesn't matter as much as where it is located and whether it obstructs or prevents urine from draining.
When the stone sits in the kidney, it rarely causes problems, but when it falls into the ureter, it acts like a dam. As the kidney continues to function and make urine, pressure builds up behind the stone and causes the kidney to swell. This pressure is what causes the pain of a kidney stone, but it also helps push the stone along the course of the ureter. When the stone enters the bladder, the obstruction in the ureter is relieved and the symptoms of a kidney stone are resolved.
What causes kidney stones?
Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume and/or an excess of stone-forming substances in the urine. The most common type of kidney stone contains calcium in combination with either oxalate or phosphate. Other chemical compounds that can form stones in the urinary tract include uric acid and the amino acid cystine.
Dehydration from reduced fluid intake or strenuous exercise without adequate fluid replacement increases the risk of kidney stones. Obstruction to the flow of urine can also lead to stone formation. In this regard, climate may be a risk factor for kidney stone development, since residents of hot and dry areas are more likely to become dehydrated and susceptible to stone formation.

• Gout results in chronically increased amount of uric acid in the blood and urine and can lead to the formation of uric acid stones.
• Hypercalciuria (high calcium in the urine), another inherited condition, causes stones in more than half of cases. In this condition, too much calcium is absorbed from food and excreted into the urine, where it may form calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate stones.
• Dietary factors and practices may increase the risk of stone formation in susceptible individuals. In particular, inadequate fluid intake predisposes to dehydration, which is a major risk factor for stone formation. Other dietary practices that may increase an individual's risk of forming kidney stones include a high intake of animal protein, a high-salt diet, excessive sugar consumption, excessive vitamin D supplementation, and possible excessive intake of oxalate-containing foods such as spinach. Interestingly, low levels of dietary calcium intake may alter the calcium-oxalate balance and result in the increased excretion of oxalate and a propensity to form oxalate stones.

What can I do to avoid more stones?
Drink more water. Try to drink 12 full glasses of water a day. Drinking lots of water helps to flush away the substances that form stones in the kidneys.
You can also drink ginger ale, lemon-lime sodas, and fruit juices. But water is best. Limit your coffee, tea, and cola to 1 or 2 cups a day because the caffeine may cause you to lose fluid too quickly.
Woman drinking glass of water.
Try to drink 12 full glasses of water every day.
Your doctor may ask you to eat more of some foods and to cut back on other foods. For example, if you have a uric acid stone, your doctor may ask you to eat less meat, because meat breaks down to make uric acid.
If you are prone to forming calcium oxalate stones, you may need to limit foods that are high in oxalate. These foods include rhubarb, beets, spinach, and chocolate.
The doctor may give you medicines to prevent calcium and uric acid stones.

Symptoms:The symptoms of kidney stones are pain while urinating, constant need to go to the bathroom, bad smells of urine, vomiting, nausea, chills and sweating. Also in some cases the patients also gets blood while urinating.
• Loss of Weight
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Swollen kidney or hydronephrosis due to back up of urine
• Loss of Appetite
• Unusual color or odor of the urine
• Dehydration
• Blockage of ureter also known as Postrenal Azotemia
• Lower backpain and pain by the kidney area
• 1 blood in uriene.

Points to Remember
Fact! About 90% of kidney stones are made of calcium oxalate. This is by far the simplest type of kidney stones to pass naturally.
Fact! Over 90% of kidney stones are 5 mm or less. If your kidney stone is 7mm or less, a natural remedy is the perfect treatment.* max 6_7mm stones can be removes by passing uriene.
Fact! If your remedy is larger than 7 mm, you will need to try the kidney stones removal remedy two to three times over the next three days. The bigger the stone, the more treatments needed.
Fact! Some people have more than one kidney stone! Though more difficult to treat, many people have still found success with a natural treatment.

* See your doctor if you have severe pain in your back or side that will not go away.
* See your doctor if you have blood in your urine-urine will appear pink.
* When you pass a stone, try to catch it in a strainer to show your doctor.
* Drink lots of water to prevent more kidney stones from forming

Do's and Dont's:
• drink plenty of water, fruit juice is also good for those having stones.
• avoind excess of milk and products bcoz it full of protein.
• intake of coconut water helps in passing off small stones through uriene.it also helps in removing toxic substance from the body.
• avoid veg like peas carrot cauliflower and fruits like parsley strawberries.
• no alcohol.
• You should also eliminate high sugar foods from your diet. High sugar intake is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones. Eating sugar free foods is a great way to help your body pass kidney stones naturally and also prevent them.
• Finally, we also recommend a diet using phosphoric acid. Many nurses and some doctors are now recommending a diet involving phosphoric acid because it can actually work be dissolving calcium based kidney stones. And because kidney stones are almost 90% calcium, this remedy has been extremely successful.
• avoid spicy food , that may cause acidity.

Home remedy
• intake of corn hairs soup daily helps great in removing stones (max size 6-7 mm)
• Kidney Beans: Soak some kidney beans in water and keep it overnight. Next day cut these kidney beans and add them into about four liter of water and keep them for boiling. Boil them for about six to eight hours. Then strain this liquid and allow it to cool down. Once again strain it with the help of muslin cloth and drink one glass of this solution. After every two hours drink one glass of this liquid. Remember, as much you will drink this solution that much easily your kidney stones will get destroyed.
• Celery: Regular intake of celery will prevent kidney stones from occurring. If you have got kidney stones, then increase your intake of celery, as it is very effective in removing the kidney stones.
• Holy Basil: Prepare juice form fresh holy basil leaves and take about one teaspoon of this juice by mixing one teaspoon of honey into it. You will need to follow this remedy without fail for about six months to see the desirable results. Many patients of kidney stones have got relief from kidney stones using this remedy.
• Pomegranate: Eating pomegranate is also very effective in the treatment of kidney stones. Add paste of one teaspoon of pomegranate seeds into gram soup and drink it. This is one of the very effective home remedies for kidney stones. To prepare the gram soup first roast the gram flour and then use it to make soup.
• Grapes: Eating grapes and drinking grape juice both are equally effective in the treatment of kidney stones.
• Watermelon: Watermelon has rich water content and hence is very effective in diluting the kidney stones, so that they can pass through the urine without causing any pain.
• Diet: Say no to smoking and drinking alcohol, as this will add to the trouble of kidney stones. Drink plenty of water to maintain the water contents of the body. For the same purpose include fruits and vegetables that are rich in water content. Avoid oily and spicy food. Make your calcium and phosphates intake less by avoiding eating spinach, cauliflower, carrots, almonds, peas and soyabean.